The High-Performance Muzzleloader Bullet Test-Fire

A Cooper Firearms .50 caliber Model 22ML with a nice buck taken at 223 yards, with a Harvester Muzzleloading saboted 300-grain polymer-tipped Scorpion PT Gold bullet. (Toby Bridges/)

In November of 2016, after six days of hunting, I finally managed to catch up with a very good Montana 12-pointer. After a 100-yard crawl, I rested the forearm of my Cooper Firearms .50 caliber Model 22ML on a cedar fencepost. I had ranged the buck at 223 yards, and I knew that the 120-grain charge of Blackhorn 209 and saboted 300-grain Scorpion PT Gold would drop 12 inches at that distance. I held the crosshair above the facing shoulder and tightened my finger on the trigger. The rifle belched loudly, and that mature, big-bodied buck literally dropped on the spot.

The 300-grain .451-inch Scorpion PT Gold has served hunters well for more than ten years. This .250 BC bullet is a proven performer, capable of delivering accurate game taking performance to 300 yards. (Toby Bridges/)

The charge and bullet I was using that day could retain the 800 ft-lbs of energy needed to take down a whitetail out to around 300 yards. As impressive as that may be, there are now quite a few muzzleloading hunters seeking even greater effective range—and some bullet makers have been listening.

Today’s muzzleloading big game hunters are more performance-driven than at any other time in history. Thanks to advanced No. 209 primer ignition systems and extremely energetic black powder substitutes, the current crop of high-performance, in-line rifles are easily capable of producing muzzle velocities of more than 2,000 fps. Many hunters are shooting for 300 yards, and a growing number of hunters are beginning to push game-taking muzzleloader performance to 400 yards.

Powered by 120-grains of Blackhorn 209, a Harvester Muzzleloading saboted 300-grain .451-inch, Scorpion PT Gold bullet dropped this nice buck at 223 yards. The rifle is a Cooper .50 caliber Model 22ML. (Toby Bridges/)

Achieving that kind of maximum range, however, takes a bullet with a high ballistic coefficient (BC) to retain sufficient velocity (fps) and energy (ft-lbs) past 200 yards. That’s why many hunters are now moving away from shorter-barreled rifle models and the somewhat dated saboted bullets. Here’s a look at a handful of some more advanced saboted bullets with greater aerodynamics and higher BCs.

Read Next: 8 Best Modern Muzzleloaders

Harvester Muzzleloading .430 Scorpion White Lightning

The Harvester Muzzleloading .430" Diameter 300-Grain Scorpion White Lightning. (Toby Bridges/)

Caliber: .430
Weight: 300 grains
Type: Copper jacketed polymer tip
Ballistic Coefficient: .290

The Scorpion PT Gold used to make that 223-yard shot has been a stellar performer for me. To prepare for the next level of modern muzzleloader performance, Harvester Muzzleloading has further increased the BC of basically the same bullet by reducing the diameter of the 300-grain PT Gold. The new version is a .430 caliber bullet called the Scorpion White Lightning. To maintain the 300-grain weight, the White Lightning had to be slightly lengthened. Combined, the smaller diameter and longer length increase the BC of this bullet to approximately .290. So, what’s the advantage of adding the .040 to the BC of the bullet?

A three-shot 100-yard group shot with Traditions .50 caliber Vortek StrikerFire LDR, 120 grains of FFFg Triple Seven and Harvester Muzzleloading saboted 300-grain .430-inch diameter Scorpion White Lightning bullet. (Toby Bridges/)

Shooting that same 120-grain charge of Blackhorn 209 mentioned above, both of these saboted 300-grain bullets will get out of the muzzle of a 26-inch barrel at basically the same approximate 2,020 fps velocity—generating the same approximate 2,720 ft. lbs. of muzzle energy. Once out of the barrel though, the superiority of the longer, .430-caliber White Lightning kicks in. At 100-yards, the slightly shorter and fatter .451-caliber PT Gold retains 1,725 fps and 1,980 ft-lbs of energy, while the new White Lightning will retain approximately 1,785 fps and 2,121 ft-lbs.

At 200 yards, the retained velocity and retained energy gap widens a little more. The Scorpion PT Gold slows to 1,490 fps (1,480 ft-lbs.), and the velocity of the Scorpion White Lightning drops to 1,575 fps (1,650 ft-lbs).

Cutting Edge Bullets All-Copper MAXIMUS

The all-copper MAXIMUS bullet is offered with or without the polymer spire-point tip. (Toby Bridges/)

Caliber: .451 and .430
Weight: 250 grains
Type: Solid copper hollow point or polymer tip
Ballistic Coefficient:
.430-caliber: .311
.451-caliber: .215

It’s hard for any performance-minded modern in-line rifle shooter to look at the CNC all-copper bullets produced by Cutting Edge Bullets and not be impressed. The company offers several selections for today’s muzzleloading hunter, but the one bullet that tends to get most of the attention is their MAXIMUS—which is offered as either a sharp-nosed hollow-point or polymer-tipped spire-point. For .50 caliber in-line rifles, the MAXIMUS bullets are available in .451-inch and .430-inch diameters.

A couple of years back, on the last morning of a mule deer hunt, I decided to take a 3X3 meat buck. I was hunting with a 30-inch barreled CVA Accura V2 LR, which shot superbly with a 120-grain charge of Blackhorn 209 and the saboted .430-inch diameter, 250-grain MAXIMUS spitzer hollow-point.

The precision machined all-copper MAXIMUS bullet is extremely accurate. (Toby Bridges/)

The buck stood at almost 230 yards. At that distance the retained energy of the bullet would be just over 1,300 ft-lbs. With a 100-yard zero, the bullet drop at 200 yards was right at 9 inches. I put a couple of inches of daylight between the crosshair and the top of the buck's back and sent the bullet right where it needed to go. At the sound of the bullet hitting its target, the deer dropped where it stood.

Cutting Edge Bullets also offers a 250-grain, .451-inch diameter MAXIMUS bullet, however, the bullet’s larger diameter and significantly shorter .912-inch length negatively affect its downrange ballistics.

The 30-inch barrel of the CVA .50 caliber Accura V2 LR shoots with top end velocities and accuracy. (Toby Bridges/)

With same setup as before, 120-grains of Blackhorn 209, a No. 209 primer, from .50 caliber in-line rifle with a 30-inch barrel, the .451-inch diameter bullet will still exit the muzzle at 2,100 fps velocity and with the same 2,450 ft-lbs. But after that all ballistic similarities end.

The more streamlined, .430-inch MAXIMUS at that muzzle velocity would still be speeding along at close to 1,850 fps, with 1,900 ft-lbs. at 100 yards. At 200 yards, velocity drops to around 1,600 fps, retaining some 1,420 ft-lbs. At 100 yards the 250-grain, .451-inch diameter drops to 1,750 fps, with 1,700 ft-lbs, and at 200 yards, the velocity diminishes to around 1,375 fps., driving home around 1,050 ft-lbs of energy. That’s a difference of almost 600 ft-lbs.

But, the high BC .430-inch bullets do have their own drawback. When loading these bullets into a .50 caliber bore, the sleeves or petals of the sabot must be thicker to create a proper fit for the smaller diameter. It takes more velocity (at lease 2000 fps) to force those heavier and stiffer petals open once the bullet is out of the muzzle. The lighter 80- to 100-grain charges of Blackhorn 209, loose grain Triple Seven, or compressed Triple Seven/Pyrodex pellets that many recoil sensitive shooters rely on just can’t get the job done.

Read Next: 7 Steps for Increasing the Range of Your Muzzleloader

Parker Productions Ballistic Extreme Bullets

Parker Production 275-grain Ballistic Extreme. (Toby Bridges/)

Caliber: .451
Weight: 250, 275, and 300 grains
Type: copper jacket, polymer tip
Ballistic Coefficient:
250-grain: .267
275-grain: .296
300-grain: .324

Some of the higher BC bullets currently available which will continue to shoot well out of current 1-in-28 twist barrels are produced by Parker Productions, a small bullet-making operation in Lewiston, Idaho. The company’s .451-inch copper-jacketed Ballistic Extreme is offered in three different weights. I took a nice 10-point whitetail buck at 212 yards with one of the 275-grain bullets, putting the deer down pretty much on the spot. The 110-grain charge of FFFg Triple Seven used got the bullet out of a 28-inch barreled .50 T/C Omega at 1,919 fps, with 2,250 ft-lbs At 200 yards, the rifle delivers the bullet with 1,200 ft-lbs. More recently, I shot the bullet with 120 grains of Blackhorn 209, which gets the 275-grain Ballistic Extreme on its way at a snappier 2,033 fps, with 2,522 ft-lbs.

PowerBelt Bullets Aerotip ELR Bullet

With the snap-on gas seal base and the bottom post for attaching it removed, the PowerBelt/CVA .45 caliber 280-grain Aerotip ELR bore-sized bullet makes one fine high BC saboted bullet for .50 caliber rifles. (Toby Bridges/)

Caliber: .45
Weight: 280 grain
Type: Polymer tip, flat base
Ballistic Coefficient: .335

One “saboted bullet” that might become extremely popular over the next couple of years wasn’t even designed to be shot with a sabot. That bullet is the PowerBelt ”bore-sized” .45 caliber Aerotip 280-grain ELR bullet. This “belted” or “skirted” polymer-tipped, electroplated, copper-skinned lead bullet was developed specifically for the high-tech .45 caliber CVA Paramount long-range rifle. The bullet is one of the sleekest muzzleloader bullets ever made. According to CVA and PowerBelt Bullets, this missile has a .335 BC

A 100-yard group from a .50 CVA Accura V2 LR loaded with 120-grains of Blackhorn 209 and the PowerBelt 280-grain Aerotip ELR as a saboted bullet. (Toby Bridges/)

It has shot so well out of the 1-in-22 twist Paramount that I just had to give it a try with a sabot out of a .50 caliber rifle. The snap-on polymer base also snaps right off. The small bottom center post that holds that base to the bullet can be easily clipped off with a set of wire cutters and the bottom lightly dressed up with a file or 80-grit sandpaper. The bullet then sits right down into a Harvester Muzzleloading red .50 x .45 Crush Rib Sabot. Powered by 120-grains of Blackhorn 209, I’m getting this bullet out of a 30-inch barreled Traditions .50 Vortek StrikerFire LDR at 2,040 fps (with almost 2,590 ft-lbs.). A high percentage of the 100-yard groups shot have gone sub 1-inch. At 200 yards, this load retains velocity in the neighborhood of 1,600 fps, hitting right at 1,600 ft-lbs of knockdown power. At 300 yards the bullet would retain more than 1,000 ft-lbs.

It bears mentioning that all of the .50 caliber rifles mentioned in my testing were built with a barrel featuring a 1-in-28 rifling twist—the same twist introduced by Knight Rifles back in 1987. That rate of twist has been the in-line rifle industry standard for more than 30 years. It is the rate of twist which has made modern in-line ignition rifles so accurate and so effective with equally modern saboted bullets. Unfortunately, that rate of rifling twist could very likely be what’s now holding back in-line rifle performance. The 1-in-28 twist is not fast enough to stabilize a higher BC bullet much longer than the Harvester Muzzleloading 1.095-inch or the .430-inch diameter Scorpion White Lightning. Somewhere around 1.1 inches in length is about all the 1-in-28 twist can stabilize well enough for producing the sub 1-inch, 100-yard groups more and more muzzleloading hunters are now demanding out of their rifle and load.